古代英语翻译 (含例句)

1. 词汇和语法：古代英语的词汇和语法与现代英语有很大差异，因此翻译者需要对古代英语的用词和语法有深入的了解和掌握，才能进行准确的翻译。

例句：

- "Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagum..."（《贝奥武甫》开头）翻译为"What! We of the Spear-Danes in days of yore..."。

- "Eala, beorht bune!"（《贝奥武甫》）翻译为"Hail, bright jewel!"。

- "Hwæt stent þu þær on wicge?"（《海勒的谣言》）翻译为"What standest thou there on the horse-back?"。

- "Nis þæt eower sið, ne her cuðlicor fletge fyrde gefeoht"（《海勒的谣言》）翻译为"'Tis not your way, nor seemly thus to linger and look on, nor let your folk's fairest field be lost...”。

2. 文化和历史：古代英语翻译需要考虑到当时文化和历史背景，如古英格兰的和传统观念等，以保证翻译的准确性和语言风格的合适性。

例句：

- "Hwæt wé Gárdena in geardagum þéodcyninga þrym gefrúnon, hu ðá æþelingas ellen fremedon!"（《贝奥武甫》开头）翻译为"Lo, praise of the prowess of people-kings of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped, we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!"。

- "Is se alysend, seðe hálne gefrægn, metodes sond, þone he of mægþe áhte."（《比德的救赎》）翻译为"He who, the Savior of all men, might learn to know, he that owned the Mother of God."。

- "Lofað Dryhten, þone þe þás líchaman ealle geworhte, and eác éce, ealra wæstmum wuldres dryhten; and eác his cwéne, wuldres wyrðost, woruld-éadge, wuldor-cininges módor; and ealle his þegnas, þe him þjóniað on his wununge."（《的》）翻译为"Praise the Lord, who made all these bodies and is also eternal, the glory-lord of all fruits; and also his queen, most glorious of glories, world-famous, mother of the glory-king; and all his thanes, who serve him in his dwelling."。

3. 语言风格：古代英语的语言风格与现代英语有很大不同，翻译者需要根据原文的语言风格选择合适的英语翻译，如诗歌、押韵、短语和句子结构等。

例句：

- "Gæð a wyrd swa hio scel!"（《贝奥武甫》）翻译为"Let fate go as it will!"。

- "Folc ofer ealde riht syððan gode abeád."（《贝奥武甫》）翻译为"People over all the earth since ancient days have heeded good tidings."。

- "Ælfred mec heht gewyrcan, þa wæs unrim heora."（《圣经》新约·马太福音）翻译为"Alfred had me made, and there were countless more like me."。

- "Beowulf maðelode, bearn Ecgðeowes:"（《贝奥武甫》）翻译为"Beowulf spoke, son of Ecgtheow:"。

4. 文学价值：古代英语的文学价值很高，许多文学作品具有独特的文学魅力和文化价值，翻译者需要在保证翻译质量的第1，尽可能保留原作的文学价值和特色。

例句：

- "Hwæt! We Gar-Dena in gear-dagum."（《贝奥武甫》开头）翻译为"Lo! We have heard of the glory of the kings of the Spear-Danes in days of old."。

- "Þæs ofereode, þisses swa mæg."（《贝奥武甫》）翻译为"That passed away, and this also may."。

- "Hail, thou true king of glory, hail, son of the living God!"（《的》）翻译为"O hail thou true king of glory, hail, son of the living God!"。

- "Mæg ic be me sylfum soðgied wrecan, siþas secgan, hu ic geswincdagum earfoðhwile oft þrowade."（《贝奥武甫》）翻译为"I can tell a true tale of myself, recount my wanderings, how I often suffered hardships in days of toil."。