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methyl是什么意思 methyl的读音、翻译、用法

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  • 2024-03-18 10:29:10
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methyl是什么意思 methyl的读音、翻译、用法

1. 含义:methyl是一个词缀,表示碳原子与三个氢原子结合而成的一种基团。在化学中,methyl可用于构建和命名许多化合物,如甲烷、甲醇、甲酸等。

例如:

- Methane is a simple hydrocarbon consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, with the molecular formula CH4.

(甲烷是一种简单的碳氢化合物,分子式为CH4,由一个碳原子和四个氢原子组成。)

- Methyl alcohol, also known as methanol, is a colorless, flammable liquid with the chemical formula CH3OH.

(甲醇,又称甲基醇,是一种无色易燃液体,化学式为CH3OH。)

- Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3NCO.

((MIC)是一种有机化合物,分子式为CH3NCO。)

2. 用途:methyl不仅用于命名和描述化学物质,还可用于指代某些化学过程和应用,如甲基化、甲基化反应等。

例如:

- Methylation, the addition of a methyl group to a molecule, is a common reaction in organic chemistry.

(甲基化是有机化学中常见的反应,即将甲基基团添加到分子中。)

- Methylating agents are chemicals that can add a methyl group to a molecule, often with the purpose of modifying its properties or functions.

(甲基化剂是一类可将甲基基团添加到分子中的化学物质,通常为了改变其性质或功能。)

- Methylphenidate is a medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.

(哌醋甲酯是一种用于治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和嗜睡症的药物。)

3. 危害:虽然methyl和甲基化有很多应用,但有些化合物中的甲基基团可能会对人体造成危害。例如,一些常见的和农药中都含有甲基基团,长期接触可能导致健康问题。

例如:

- Methylmercury is a form of mercury that can accumulate in fish and shellfish, posing a risk to human health if consumed in large amounts.

(甲基汞是一种可以在鱼类和贝类中积累的汞形式,如果大量食用会对人体健康造成风险。)

- Methyl bromide, a fumigant used to control pests and diseases in crops, has been banned in many countries due to its harmful effects on the environment and human health.

(臭氧层物质溴甲烷是一种用于控制作物害虫和疾病的熏蒸剂,由于其对环境和人体健康的有害影响,在许多国家已被禁止使用。)

中英例句:

- Methyl groups can significantly affect the properties of a molecule, such as its polarity, reactivity, and solubility.(甲基基团可以显著影响分子的性质,如极性、反应性和溶解度。)

- The methyl parathion pesticide has been linked to several cases of poisoning in farm workers.(有机磷类杀虫剂甲基对硫磷已经与多起农民中毒事件联系起来。)

- Methylation of DNA is a key epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression and cell differentiation.(DNA的甲基化是调节基因表达和细胞分化的关键表观遗传修饰。)

- Exposure to high levels of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in the workplace can cause respiratory irritation and central nervous system effects.(在工作场所接触高浓度的乙酰丙酮甲基可以引起呼吸道刺激和中枢神经系统影响。)

- The methyl isocyanate gas leak in Bhopal, India, in 1984 was one of the world's worst industrial disasters, causing thousands of deaths and long-term health effects.(1984年印度博帕尔的甲基异氰酸酯气体泄漏是世界上最严重的工业灾难之一,导致数千人死亡和长期健康影响。)

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